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Continuity in America

I’ve been reading around what people have had to say on the subject of Mammothfail. While I’ve not got any new perspective to add on Wrede's book, I was struck by this post by [info]rushthatspeaks. It reminded me very powerfully of something Susan Cooper wrote 20 years ago:


 “In America, it seems to me, the sense of man’s long relationship with the land can be found only in the Southwest, in the moonscape country of New Mexico and Arizona where Navajo and Zuni, Pueblo and Hopi respect their soil and hold their rocks sacred. Nowhere else is the time of mankind written so clearly upon the land. New England seems deeply historical to most Americans because men and women have lived there for three hundred years. But those were white men and women, and they threw away time, those first settlers, when they arrived in America and began systematically to destroy the way of life of their American Indian predecessors. Most of them came from Britain, and should have known better. In the previous two thousand years in Britain, during recurring invasions from the Continent, over and over again, in Jung’s phrase, the soul of the conquered people had entered that of the conquerors – through the relationship each had had with the land. In America, the American Indian soul didn’t have a chance. The white invaders didn’t follow the old pattern of killing the men, raping and breeding with the women, and following the old uses of the land. Instead, they killed the men and the women, and raped the land. Those of us who live in the United States see the rape still happening, every day. The Roman Englishman put his road from London to Bath, along valleys and around hills in a smooth sweep, using the old tracks but straightening them out when the land allowed, and eight hundred years later it’s still there as A40, a graceful piece of the landscape. The English American has carved out I-95 from Florida to Maine, chopping through any bit of land in his way, and he’s made a road which is a long ruthless slice, dedicated to the goal of vanishing place and time.
            “But that’s a suicidal goal. Continuity is the only thing that can reconcile our tiny lives to their large surroundings.” 

Cooper doesn't put things in quite the way I would, but I don't want to join the cavilry, and I can't help feeling that her basic point is sound. Unlike some of you, though, I've never lived in North America. So what do you think? Does this ring true at all for you?

hafren

2009-05-16 04:32 pm (UTC) (Link)

What really baffles me about Wrede is the notion that any writer would find "cool megabeasts" more interesting to write about than people. Cos yeah, yr average dinosaur offers so much scope for character development, witty dialogue, complicated personal relationships...

altariel

2009-05-16 04:37 pm (UTC) (Link)

That was also a stand-out post to me.

I've only lived in North America very briefly, but on several occasions out there I felt a powerfully deep and disorientating sense of disconnection from the landscape around me. One was while driving from an airport to the hotel where we were staying: down a long grey corridor of road, with high concrete walls rising up steeply on either side, and only a slate sky and boiling red sun visible. It was like being on Mars.

In rural NC, I often felt as if certain new buildings (supermarkets, big houses) were lying only lightly upon a landscape that was waiting for the infrastucture to falter to be able to grow back over them. And having said all that, I also saw rural wooden houses and parts of small towns which felt entirely embedded in the landscape.

thewhiteowl

2009-05-17 12:26 pm (UTC) (Link)

Yes, Walmart syndrome, I called it. You get it here as well, in out-of-town retail parks and industrial estates, but in the US whole cities have it sometimes.

intertext

2009-05-16 04:50 pm (UTC) (Link)

That does ring true for me. I haven't spent much time in the US, but I think the Canadian experience might be a little different. There's much more untamed wilderness here. In the south of Canada, there's this almost straight line across the country where the white settlers ... erm settled, for want of a better word, almost entirely along the tracks of the good old CPR railway line and spreading out from there. But we have the North, mostly still pretty much as it was, and the Coast - at least the West Coast - with places accessible still only by boat or rather perilous small planes. So I think we are more aware of the numinousness of the land, the sacred quality that the aboriginal peoples felt and respected. But there's that palimpsest effect in Britain that we don't really have here that I think Cooper expresses really well - and you get that coming through in her writing, and that of people like Penelope Lively and Alan Garner, too. We don't have that in North America at all, really - maybe because our history is so short.

papersky

2009-05-17 11:54 am (UTC) (Link)

Not short, but disconnected from what went before, so that it's like camping among alien ruins.

nineweaving

2009-05-16 05:44 pm (UTC) (Link)

Coming from New England, I grew up amid abandoned chimneystacks and cellars, and stone walls swallowed up in woods: cornlands and pastures that a demi-wilderness long since reclaimed. The English brought John Barleycorn with them: he died.

Nine

aryky

2009-05-16 09:18 pm (UTC) (Link)

I think this thread gets at something of my experience of growing up in the US. . . when I was sixteen, I really thought that I wanted to move to the UK as an adult, and a lot of that had to do with that same sense that Europe was better, because it had continuous history. One thing I was consciously aware of liking about living in China, despite the horrid modern Communist architecture and millions of new things being built and constructed within six months, was the way that really ancient areas still lurked, at least to some degree, within the awful contemporary stuff. It's something that I've missed, even if I did live in the US for my entire childhood. So I definitely think the point in your quotation and 's post is very strong - it didn't have to be this way, and it was actually the people who created my culture that made it this way.

lady_schrapnell

2009-05-17 03:02 pm (UTC) (Link)

That is a very good post, and interesting points you make too.

I don't know - part of me wonders if things in this regard have possibly got worse rather than better in the US over the last couple of decades. As a child, I only lived there for three years ('66 to '69) but I can well remember a series of children's books I got from the library and loved to bits - each one was about a child from a different Indian tribe living - oh, maybe a couple of hundred years ago. (Irish couple!) I've no idea if they were any good or not, but they were at least available, just as a similar series about girls living in some of the colonial states (-ish, roughly that idea anyway) was available, with the assumption that kids would be interested to learn about that part of the history of North America, just because it was interesting! And I can remember being desperately keen to go to see Chaco Canyon a few years later when we visited the Southwest. Fair enough, I was a nerdy kid and loved historical fiction of many sorts, but the point is that it was there for me to access, in a perfectly regular public library in Annapolis (early if temporary capital of the United States and not about to forget it). And it wasn't even just a book about 'Indian culture', but books about specific tribes. Not that this should be an amazing thing, of course, just that in context, it is sadly worthy of mention.

In contrast, the things that have been said during Mammothfail about the disappearance from schools of the pre-Pilgrim part of US history are pretty shocking. Maybe those books I remember have been adequately replaced in libraries by authentic ones, but it doesn't sound terribly likely.


aryky

2009-05-17 10:25 pm (UTC) (Link)

I haven't been following this enough to know much about what people have said is being taught in their schools, but. . . I don't know. As a kid, growing up, I certainly read plenty of children's books about Native American characters (again - no idea if they were any good or not). I also read Native American myths and legends. And we had a long unit in middle school, required by NY state, about the Iroquois (although I remember being kind of annoyed as a kid that everyone in NY state, no matter where they lived, had to learn about the Iroquois, but no one ever learned about the Algonquians who actually lived in the area where I grew up).

The thing was, though, that almost nothing that I read or that people taught me ever really gave me any sense that there was a connection between this history and my own present-day existence. I guess in school they stressed that the Iroquois had influenced the US Constitution, and we did have a lacrosse team - but, other than that, it didn't feel the same as reading colonial and post-colonial American history, where it was always stressed that this was the history of my culture, despite the fact that my own ancestors had only arrived in the US 100 years ago.

jadelennox

2009-05-18 03:24 am (UTC) (Link)

you can still get plenty of books about Indians, but there are a lot fewer high-quality books than there used to be, mostly because the good authors and publishers have become aware of the incredibly problematic nature of the way non-Native authors historically have written about Native Americans ("they lived in the past and they loved the earth and now they are gone", cf. Brother Eagle, Sister Sky; or "they lived in the past and had fascinating rituals and they ate nifty things and now they are gone", cf. Island of the Blue Dolphins), and the industry for the most part hasn't replaced it either with books by Native authors or books by non-Native authors which are a little bit less focused on "and now they are gone".

Even so, I don't think there is much sense of geographical history in the States, although I admit I am saying that as the urban/suburban child of immigrants. But I will say that visiting the UK I have always had the sense that every lump of grass outside of the cities has some Neolithic past (with OMG Stonehenge just sitting there between the A roads), whereas in the US I really do feel like my sense of geographical history begins with European settlement. I read plenty of books of the "and now they are gone" genre when I was a kid, but they didn't give me any sense of that history as being part of my country. They were just survival tales like all the other survival tales I loved, and didn't really have that much of a sense of place to me. Unlike, say, Witch of Blackbird Pond or Johnny Tremain, which were both post-colonization stories of my part of the country which had a real sense of historical place for me.

Maybe it's different in the southwest, where you can still see substantial science of pre-colonizer human habitation, but in New England there isn't much.

Edited at 2009-05-18 03:25 am (UTC)

a_d_medievalist

2009-05-17 04:06 am (UTC) (Link)

I don't know. I think it may be where we are from and where we look to for continuity. One of the things that blew my mind this term was how many students couldn't get their heads round the fact that the English were not the first Europeans in North America -- or even the first Europeans of the immediate post-Columbian era. In order to rationalize what they 'knew' -- that Jamestown was the first settlement -- and the fact that the first European settlement was established by the Spanish, some decided that Jamestown had been founded by the Spanish. That's just bizarre. But these kids were raised on the East Coast.


I was raised on the West Coast, and lived for my first 9 years in a town where there were buildings as old as or older than the buildings in the little town where I now live (the oldest here date back to the mid-18th C). But the oldest ruins in my hometown are the foundations of cabins where the enslaved Chumash lived. We were raised knowing that several of the local tribes had been wiped out in one way or another by the Spanish, and then by the Yankees who moved in and intermarried with the local grandee families. Scott O'Dell's Island of the Blue Dolphins was set on an island we could almost see on a clear day, and the feathered cloak that the woman in the book made was in the local historical museum.

So for us, there was never the sort of continuity that you get in much of the US. California was something that happened along a parallel timeline, and eventually joined to the main narrative. Most of the people I know who are my age and older kind of boggle at people who want to force English on everyone, or ban bilingual education, because we grew up in towns where most people were at least a little bilingual, and where many of the Spanish-speakers had been around as long as the Anglos, or longer. Street names are often in Spanish.

And yet, because most of the California tribes were wiped out or driven away before the big Anglo migrations, there's also a sort of disconnect, I think. Because the Spanish can be blamed for it. Still, if there is a continutity, I think it's different.

In terms of architecture, there are places in the west that are definitely built up in ways that are more in tune with the natural surroundings. On the coasts, in the more remote areas, at least. And up in the mountains. But by and large, I don't think that's so true. It's something that I find very jarring, and I grew up there. The imposition of technology on the landscape is almost inescapable.

As a USian who feels most comfortable in 'old' towns in the US, and really most comfortable in Europe, I don't know how much it has to do with notions of oldness, though. That's part if it for me. Part is that in older places, even those that are only a couple of hundred years old, there is more greenery. But in Europe, what does it for me is the buildings that incorporate older buildings, and the evidence of structures that were built into the environment in ways that used the landscape. It's in the ways that people both worked with, and also sometimes co-opted their environment that is attractive.

steepholm

2009-05-17 09:05 am (UTC) (Link)

Thanks for that. It provides another perspective - and another history - I'd not been familiar with. (I speak as one for whom the phrase 'Old California' conjures only the black-and-white Zorro series.)

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